|Linux CI Status| |macOS CI Status|

ps, top and pstree for Human Beings

See below for how to install_.

ptop is what I usually use when LoadViz_ shows something unexpected is going on.

px I use for figuring out things like "do I still have any Flutter_ processes running in the background"?

pxtree can be used as watch --color pxtree brew to figure out what Homebrew_ is doing.

Output

ptop

If you're coming from htop or some other top variant, here's what to expect from ptop, with explanations below the screenshot:

|ptop screenshot|

• Note the core count right next to the system load number, for easy comparison.
• Note the load history graph next to the load numbers. On this system the load has been high for the last 15 minutes. This is a visualization of the numbers you get from uptime.
• Note the bars showing which programs / users are using your memory below the memory numbers
• Note the IO Load number, showing which IO device had the highest average throughput since ptop launched.
• Note how the default sort order of CPUTIME-since-ptop-started makes the display mostly stable and enables you to sort by CPU usage.
• Note that binaries launched while ptop is running are listed at the bottom of the display.
• Note how the Python program on the second to last line is shown as run_adapter.py (the program) rather than python3 (the runtime). This support is available for many VMs_ like Java, Node, ...
• Selecting a process with Enter will offer you to see detailed information about that process, in $PAGER, moor_ or less. Or to kill it.
• After you press q to quit, the display is retained and some lines at the bottom are removed to prevent the information you want from scrolling out of view.
• A help text on the bottom hints you how to search / filter (interactively), change sort order or how to pick processes for further inspection or killing.

pxtree

|pxtree screenshot|

• Note how search hits are highlighted in bold
• Note how PIDs (process IDs) are printed by default
• Note how multiple processes with the same names are coalesced and printed with the count in parentheses
• Note how the process names make sense (lsp_server.py rather than python3)

px

Running just px lists all running processes, with the most interesting ones last. Output truncated for brevity.

::

PID COMMAND USERNAME CPU CPUTIME RAM COMMANDLINE 0 kernel root -- -- -- kernel PID 0 273 SandboxHelper _coreaudiod 0% 0.01s 0% /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/XPCServices/com.apple.audio.SandboxHelper.xpc/Contents/MacOS/com.apple.audio.SandboxHelper 596 installerdiagd root 0% 0.01s 0% /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/InstallerDiagnostics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/installerdiagd 983 periodic-wrapper root 0% 0.01s 0% /usr/libexec/periodic-wrapper daily ... 57417 Google Chrome Helper johan 0% 1m03s 2% /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/Versions/70.0.3538.102/Google Chrome Helper.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome Helper --type=renderer --field-trial-handle=5536258455526146518,14669732848005555331,131072 --service-pipe-token=7224348701576210538 --lang=sv --metrics-client-id=576E1A60-CA59-34F4-6C0C-57F64BD5F01C --enable-offline-auto-reload --enable-offline-auto-reload-visible-only --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-zero-copy --enable-gpu-memory-buffer-compositor-resources --enable-main-frame-before-activation --service-request-channel-token=7224348701576210538 --renderer-client-id=1119 --no-v8-untrusted-code-mitigations --seatbelt-client=418 14983 studio johan 0% 1h22m 14% /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/MacOS/studio 57993 kcm root 0% 0.02s 0% /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Heimdal.framework/Helpers/kcm --launchd 57602 Code Helper johan 0% 12.73s 2% /private/var/folders/cg/d7qzk4s13s9c8t49t3txdjpr0000gn/T/AppTranslocation/B5DDDD81-5A91-4961-B18B-20DAB3925EB0/d/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents/Frameworks/Code Helper.app/Contents/MacOS/Code Helper --type=renderer --js-flags=--nolazy --no-sandbox --primordial-pipe-token=570B948A976AACDA8EBB532E5680C83E --lang=sv --app-path=/private/var/folders/cg/d7qzk4s13s9c8t49t3txdjpr0000gn/T/AppTranslocation/B5DDDD81-5A91-4961-B18B-20DAB3925EB0/d/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents/Resources/app --node-integration=true --webview-tag=true --no-sandbox --background-color=#171717 --disable-blink-features=Auxclick --enable-pinch --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-zero-copy --enable-gpu-memory-buffer-compositor-resources --enable-main-frame-before-activation --content-image-texture-target=0,0,3553;0,1,3553;0,2,3553;0,3,3553;0,4,3553;0,5,3553;0,6,3553;0,7,3553;0,8,3553;0,9,3553;0,10,34037;0,11,34037;0,12,34037;0,13,3553;0,14,3553;0,15,3553;1,0,3553;1,1,3553;1,2,3553;1,3,3553;1,4,3553;1,5,3553;1,6,3553;1,7,3553;1,8,3553;1,9,3553;1,10,34037;1,11,34037;1,12,34037;1,13,3553;1,14,3553;1,15,3553;2,0,3553;2,1,3553;2,2,3553;2,3,3553;2,4,3553;2,5,3553;2,6,3553;2,7,3553;2,8,3553;2,9,3553;2,10,34037;2,11,34037;2,12,34037;2,13,3553;2,14,3553;2,15,3553;3,0,3553;3,1,3553;3,2,3553;3,3,3553;3,4,3553;3,5,34037;3,6,3553;3,7,3553;3,8,3553;3,9,3553;3,10,3553;3,11,3553;3,12,34037;3,13,3553;3,14,34037;3,15,34037;4,0,3553;4,1,3553;4,2,3553;4,3,3553;4,4,3553;4,5,34037;4,6,3553;4,7,3553;4,8,3553;4,9,3553;4,10,3553;4,11,3553;4,12,34037;4,13,3553;4,14,34037;4,15,34037 --service-request-channel-token=570B948A976AACDA8EBB532E5680C83E --renderer-client-id=110 57996 cat johan 0% 0.0s 0% cat 57745 GradleDaemon johan 0% 32.75s 3% /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_60.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Xmx1536m -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=SE -Duser.language=sv -Duser.variant -cp /Users/johan/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-4.6-all/bcst21l2brirad8k2ben1letg/gradle-4.6/lib/gradle-launcher-4.6.jar org.gradle.launcher.daemon.bootstrap.GradleDaemon 4.6

• To give you the most interesting processes close to your next prompt, px puts last in its output processes that:

  • Have been started recently (can be seen in the list as high PIDs)

  • Are using lots of memory

  • Have used lots of CPU time

• Java processes are presented as their main class (GradleDaemon) rather than as their executable (java). This support is available for many VMs_.

px java

This lists all Java processes. Note how they are presented as their main class (GradleDaemon) rather than as their executable (java). This support is available for many VMs_.

::

PID COMMAND USERNAME CPU CPUTIME RAM COMMANDLINE 57745 GradleDaemon johan 0% 35.09s 3% /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_60.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Xmx1536m -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=SE -Dus

px _coreaudiod

This lists all processes owned by the _coreaudiod user.

::

PID COMMAND USERNAME CPU CPUTIME RAM COMMANDLINE 273 SandboxHelper _coreaudiod 0% 0.01s 0% /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/XPCServices/com.apple.audio.SandboxHelper.xpc/Contents/MacOS/com.apple.audio.SandboxHelper 190 DriverHelper _coreaudiod 0% 0.3s 0% /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework/Versions/A/XPCServices/com.apple.audio.DriverHelper.xpc/Contents/MacOS/com.apple.audio.DriverHelper 182 coreaudiod _coreaudiod 0% 11m28s 0% /usr/sbin/coreaudiod

sudo px 80727

This shows detailed info about PID 80727.

::

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_60.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Xmx1536M -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=SE -Duser.language=sv -Duser.variant -cp /Users/johan/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-3.5-all/7s64ktr9gh78lhv83n6m1hq9u6/gradle-3.5/lib/gradle-launcher-3.5.jar org.gradle.launcher.daemon.bootstrap.GradleDaemon 3.5

kernel(0) root launchd(1) root --> GradleDaemon(80727) johan

31m33s ago GradleDaemon was started, at 2017-06-18T13:47:53+02:00. 7.6% has been its average CPU usage since then, or 2m22s/31m33s

Other processes started close to GradleDaemon(80727): -fish(80678) was started 9.0s before GradleDaemon(80727) iTerm2(80676) was started 9.0s before GradleDaemon(80727) login(80677) was started 9.0s before GradleDaemon(80727) mdworker(80729) was started just after GradleDaemon(80727) mdworker(80776) was started 21.0s after GradleDaemon(80727)

Users logged in when GradleDaemon(80727) started: _mbsetupuser johan

2017-06-18T14:19:26.521988: Now invoking lsof, this can take over a minute on a big system... 2017-06-18T14:19:27.070396: lsof done, proceeding.

Others sharing this process' working directory (/) Working directory too common, never mind.

File descriptors: stdin : [PIPE] (0x17d7619d3ae04819) stdout: [CHR] /dev/null stderr: [CHR] /dev/null

Network connections: [IPv6] *:56789 (LISTEN) [IPv6] *:62498 (LISTEN)

Inter Process Communication: mDNSResponder(201): [unix] ->0xe32cbd7be6021f1f

For a list of all open files, do "sudo lsof -p 80727", or "sudo watch lsof -p 80727" for a live view.

• The command line has been split with one argument per line. This makes long command lines readable.
• The process tree shows how the Gradle Daemon relates to other processes.
• Details on how long ago Gradle Daemon was started, and how much CPU it has been using since.
• A list of other processes started around the same time as Gradle Daemon.
• A section describing where the standard file descriptors of the process go.
• A list of users logged in when the Gradle Daemon was started.
• A list of other processes with the same working directory as this one.
• A list of network connections the process has open.
• The IPC section shows that the Gradle Daemon is talking to mDNSResponder using Unix domain sockets_.

The IPC data comes from lsof. sudo helps lsof get more detailed information; the command will work without it but might miss some information.

Killing processes

If you want an interactive process killer using px and fzf_, you can make a shell alias out of this:

::

px --sort=cpupercent | fzf --bind 'ctrl-r:reload(px --sort=cpupercent)' --height=20 --no-hscroll --tac --no-sort --header-lines=1 | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill -9

Type for fuzzy process search, use arrow keys to pick a process, Enter to kill, CTRL-R to refresh the process list.

Or with previews for the currently selected process:

::

px --sort=cpupercent --no-username | fzf --preview='px --color {1}' --bind 'ctrl-r:reload(px --sort=cpupercent --no-username)' --height=20 --no-hscroll --tac --no-sort --header-lines=1 | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill -9

Installation

On Debian 10 Buster_ or later, and on Ubuntu 19.04 Disco_ and later, install using::

sudo apt install px

If you have Homebrew_ on your system (likely on macOS)::

brew install px

On Arch Linux_::

paru -S px_ptop

On other systems, install into /usr/local/bin by copy / pasting this command into a terminal::

curl -Ls https://github.com/walles/px/raw/python/install.sh | bash

Or you can install from Pypi. At least on macOS this can be problematic however, so brew or the above install script is still preferred::

sudo pip install --upgrade pxpx

After installing you should be able to run px, px --help or ptop from the command line. Otherwise please verify that /usr/local/bin is in your $PATH.

To try px without installing it, just download the latest px.pex_, chmod a+x px.pex, then run ./px.pex.

Usage

Just type px or ptop, that's a good start!

To exit ptop, press "q".

Also try px --help to see what else px can do except for just listing all processes.

If you run into problems, try running with the --debug switch, it will print debug logging output after px/ptop is done.

Development

Prerequisites

• A Python 3.9+ version
• tox_

Building and Running

Note that before editing any code, you need to run tox.sh once to create the px/version.py file.

Note that the build infrastructure here is designed to create a px.pex file that works on "all" machines with Python 3 interpreters (tested on Linux and macOS).

• Clone: git clone git@github.com:walles/px.git ; cd px
• Build and test: ./tox.sh
• Run: ./px.pex

You can also run ./devbin/tox-in-docker.sh, which can be used to run Linux tests on a Mac.

Releasing a new Version

To release a new version, run ./devbin/release.sh and follow instructions.

Performance testing

• Store the output of lsof -F fnaptd0i from a big system in lsof.txt.
• ./devbin/benchmark_ipcmap.py lsof.txt

Keeping this benchmark performant is important to be able to use px on big systems.

To run it in a profiler, install pyinstrument_ and:

• python3 -m pyinstrument ./devbin/benchmark_ipcmap.py lsof.txt

Or, to benchmark process listing:

• pyinstrument -r html ./devbin/benchmark_proc_get_all.py

TODO top replacement

• Disable terminal line wrapping for smoother handling of terminal window resizes.

TODO iotop replacement

• When given the --top flag and enough permissions, record per process IO usage and present that in one or more columns.

TODO misc

• Details: When no users were found to be logged in at process start, automatically detect whether it's because we don't have history that far back or whether it seems to be that nobody was actually logged in. Inform the user about the outcome.
• In the px / top views, in the process owner column, maybe print other non-root process owners of parent processes inside parentheses?
• Ignore -E switch on Python command lines

DONE

• Make px list all processes with PID, owner, memory usage (in % of available RAM), used CPU time, full command line

• Output should be in table format just like top or ps.

• Output should be truncated at the rightmost column of the terminal window

• Output should be sorted by score, with score being (used CPU time) * (memory usage). The intention here is to put the most interesting processes on top.

• Each column should be wide enough to fit its widest value

• Add a section about installation instructions to this document.

• Add making-a-release instructions to this document

• Add a .travis.yml config to the project that:

  • OK: Runs flake8 on the code
  • OK: Tests the code on OS X
  • OK: Tests the code on Linux

• When piping to some other command, don't truncate lines to terminal width

• If we get one command line argument, only show processes matching that string as either a user or the name of an executable.

• If we get something looking like a PID as a command line argument, show that PID process in a tree with all parents up to the top and all children down. This would replace pstree.

• If we get something looking like a PID as a command line argument, for that PID show:

  • A list of all open files, pipes and sockets
  • For each pipe / domain socket, print the process at the other end
  • For each socket, print where it's going

• Doing px --version prints a git describe version string.

• Add a column with the name of each running process

• Put column headings at the top of each column

• In the details view, list processes as Name(PID) rather than PID:Name. To humans the name is more important than the PID, so it should be first.

• In the details view, list a number of processes that were created around the same time as the one we're currently looking at.

• Implement support for px --top

• If the user launches px through a symlink that's called something ending in top, enter top mode.

• top: On pressing "q" to exit, redraw the screen one last time with a few less rows than usual before exiting.

• top: Print system load before the process listing.

• Parse Java and Python command lines and print the name of the program being executed rather than the VM.

• In the details view, list users that were logged in when the process was started.

• In the details tree view, print process owners for each line

• Print $SUDO_USER value with process details, if set

• Run CI on both Python 2 and Python 3

• In the details report, if the current process has a working directory that isn't /, list all other processes that have the same working directory.

• ptop: Load bar: Set foreground color in green section to black, white on green is hard to read.

• ptop: Let user switch between CPU time sort and memory sort

.. _how to install: #installation .. _LoadViz: https://github.com/walles/loadviz/ .. _Flutter: https://flutter.dev .. _Debian 10 Buster: https://wiki.debian.org/DebianBuster .. _Ubuntu 19.04 Disco: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/disco/ .. _Homebrew: https://brew.sh .. _Arch Linux: https://archlinux.org/ .. _download the latest px.pex: https://github.com/walles/px/releases/latest .. _Unix domain sockets: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket .. _This support is available for many VMs: https://github.com/walles/px/blob/python/tests/px_commandline_test.py .. _moor: https://github.com/walles/moor .. _tox: https://pypi.org/project/tox/ .. _pyinstrument: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument#installation .. _fzf: https://github.com/junegunn/fzf

.. |Linux CI Status| image:: https://github.com/walles/px/actions/workflows/linux-ci.yml/badge.svg :target: https://github.com/walles/px/actions/workflows/linux-ci.yml?query=branch%3Apython .. |macOS CI Status| image:: https://github.com/walles/px/actions/workflows/macos-ci.yml/badge.svg :target: https://github.com/walles/px/actions/workflows/macos-ci.yml?query=branch%3Apython .. |ptop screenshot| image:: doc/ptop-screenshot.png .. |pxtree screenshot| image:: doc/pxtree-screenshot.png